Archaeologists from UCL Institute of Archaeology have unearthed some of Britain's largest early prehistoric stone tools.
The dig, conducted in Kent prior to the construction of the Maritime Academy School in Frindsbury, unearthed ancient artifacts embedded in deep Ice Age sediments preserved on a hillside above the Medway Valley.
The researchers, from UCL Archaeology South-East, discovered 800 stone artifacts thought to be over 300,000 years old, buried in sediments that filled a sinkhole and ancient river channel, outlined in their research, published in Internet Archaeology.
[Photograph of the largest giant handaxe taken from four different angles. It is roughly teardrop-shaped with a point at one end and a flatter curve at the other. It is made of an orangey-yellow stone. Credit: Archaeology South-East/UCL]
[Photograph of the largest giant handaxe taken from four different angles. It is roughly teardrop-shaped with a point at one end and a flatter curve at the other. It is made of an orangey-yellow stone. Credit: Archaeology South-East/ UCL]
Amongst the unearthed artifacts were two extremely large flint knives described as "giant handaxes." Handaxes are stone artifacts that have been chipped, or "knapped," on both sides to produce a symmetrical shape with a long cutting edge.
Researchers believe this type of tool was usually held in the hand and may have been used for butchering animals and cutting meat. The two largest handaxes found at the Maritime site have a distinctive shape with a long and finely worked pointed tip, and a much thicker base.
Senior Archaeologist Letty Ingrey (UCL Institute of Archaeology), said: "We describe these tools as 'giants' when they are over 22cm long and we have two in this size range. The biggest, a colossal 29.5cm in length, is one of the longest ever found in Britain. 'Giant handaxes' like this are usually found in the Thames and Medway regions and date from over 300,000 years ago.
[ASE Senior Archaeologist Letty Ingrey holds up one of the handaxes on site. Credit: Archaeology South-East/ UCL]
"These handaxes are so big it's difficult to imagine how they could have been easily held and used. Perhaps they fulfilled a less practical or more symbolic function than other tools, a clear demonstration of strength and skill. While right now, we aren't sure why such large tools were being made, or which species of early humans were making them, this site offers a chance to answer these exciting questions."
The site is thought to date to a period in the early prehistory of Britain when Neanderthal people and their cultures were beginning to emerge and may even have shared the landscape with other early human species. The Medway Valley at this time would have been a wild landscape of wooded hills and river valleys, inhabited by red deer and horses, as well as less familiar mammals such as the now-extinct straight-tusked elephant and lion.
[Archaeologists excavating at the Maritime Academy School site in Frinsdbury. Credit: Archaeology South-East/ UCL]
While archaeological finds of this age, including another spectacular 'giant' handaxe, have been found in the Medway Valley before, this is the first time they have been found as part of large-scale excavation, offering the opportunity to glean more insights into the lives of their makers.
Dr. Matt Pope (UCL Institute of Archaeology), said: "The excavations at the Maritime Academy have given us an incredibly valuable opportunity to study how an entire Ice Age landscape developed over a quarter of a million years ago. A program of scientific analysis, involving specialists from UCL and other UK institutions, will now help us to understand why the site was important to ancient people and how the stone artifacts, including the 'giant handaxes' helped them adapt to the challenges of the Ice Age environments."
The research team is now working on identifying and studying the recovered artifacts to better understand who created them and what they were used for.
[One of the handaxes at the point of discovery on site. Credit: Archaeology South-East/ UCL]
Jody Murphy, Director of Education at the Thinking Schools Academy Trust said: "We, at Maritime Academy and the Thinking Schools Academy Trust, feel very lucky to be a part of this phenomenal discovery. We take great pride in our connection to our local community and region, with much of our school identity linked to the history of Medway. We look forward to taking advantage of this unique opportunity to teach our young people about these finds, creating a lasting legacy for those who came before us."
[Several flint stone handaxes, some round, some pointed and of many different sizes, sit on a table. ASE Senior Archaeologist Letty Ingrey measures the largest giant handaxe using wide spring callipers. Credit: Archaeology South-East/ UCL]
I can't stop looking at the photo above of archaeologist Letty Ingrey in the orange jacket holding one of the giant handaxes, which dwarfs her hand.
I would so love to hold that handaxe, feel how it fit in my hand.
Individuals who made and used tools like this were the most important and powerful people on the planet 300,000 years ago, because only by skillfully employing such finely wrought implements to repeatedly and successfully kill could they and their fellows thrive.
People like this are our ancestors: we owe them everything.
More?
Read the original scientific paper, "On the Discovery of a Late Acheulean 'Giant' Handaxe from the Maritime Academy, Frindsbury, Kent," just published in Internet Archaeology, here.
Perhaps my interest in submarine-related warfare stems from a boyhood visit to U-505.
It was captured by the U.S. Navy on June 4, 1944, and donated to the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago in 1954.
Below,
the sub in situ in 1956.
It has since been moved into a bespoke enclosed space (above and below)
where it resides today.
It's one of four U-boats in the world that survive in museums.
I remember being completely mesmerized by what I saw on the tour of its inner structure, especially the unbelievably tight spaces in which the crew worked and lived.
I recommend a visit if you find yourself in the Windy City.
The U-505 Onboard Tour costs $12 for adults and $9 for children ages 3-11.
The tour is an additional cost on top of museum entry, which costs $18 for adults and $11 for children ages 3-11.
The tour lasts 25 minutes and includes a question-and-answer session at the end.
"The tour features dramatic lighting and sound effects, and lets visitors experience life aboard the submarine in the days leading up to its capture."
